Dr. Zahid Khan

Research & Publications

Research Areas

Intelligent Transportation Systems

Research on smart transportation, traffic optimization, V2X communication, and intelligent route discovery.

VANETs and Evolving Graph Routing

Cluster-based routing schemes, evolving graph models, scalable path discovery, and reliability-aware communication in high-mobility settings.

Cybersecurity for Transportation Networks

Trustworthy communication, secure routing, and resilient network design for connected and autonomous environments.

Quantum-Inspired Intelligent Mobility

Quantum-inspired A* and related search mechanisms for scalable route discovery and intelligent decision-making in vehicular systems.

IoT, SDN, and 6G Networking

Software-defined communication systems, next-generation networking, edge-enabled mobility, and cyber-physical systems.

AI for Networked Systems

Machine learning for optimization, anomaly detection, and intelligent communication support in networked infrastructures.

IEEE Transactions Papers

  1. Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, and B. Benjdira, “A Heuristic Route Planning Scheme for Traffic Management and Data Dissemination in VANET-Oriented Evolving Grid Graph (VoEGG),” IEEE Transactions on Network Science & Engineering, 2024.
  2. Z. Khan, P. Fan, S. Fang, and F. Abbas, “An Unsupervised Cluster-Based VANET-Oriented Evolving Graph (CVoEG) Model and Associated Reliable Routing Scheme,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2019.
  3. F. Abbas, P. Fan, and Z. Khan, “A Novel Low-Latency V2V Resource Allocation Scheme Based on Cellular V2X Communications,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2018.
  4. J. Guo, D. Cai, Z. Khan, J. Tan, T. Song, and Z. Liu, “Semantic Information Defense and Attack Detection for Consumer Semantic Communication,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2026.
  5. Y. Zhang, D. Cai, Z. Khan, B. He, and F. Fang, “Cluster-Fair Federated Learning for Distributed Medical Image Computing and Cooperative Diagnosis,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2026.
  6. W. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. Khan, Z. Liu, D. Cai, T. Li, H. Huang, M.A. Khan, and W. Boulila, “A Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for Federated Learning in Drone-Assisted Vehicular Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025.
  7. C. Gengcan, D. Cai, Z. Khan, J. Ahmad, and W. Boulila, “Nash Equilibrium Between Consumer Electronic Devices and DoS Attacker for Distributed IoT-Enabled RSE Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2025.
  8. Z. Di, Z. Dong, D. Cai, J. Wang, Z. Khan, and W. Boulila, “Constant Envelope OTFS Waveform Design and Performance Analysis for Mobile ISAC Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2025.
  9. S. Fang, H. Chen, Z. Khan, and P. Fan, “User Fairness Aware Power Allocation for NOMA-Assisted Video Transmission with Adaptive Quality Adjustment,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021.

Other Journal Articles

  1. Z. Khan, S. Almogbil, M. Babar, A. Ammar, and W. Boulila, “QHR-V2X: A Quantum-Heuristic Routing Framework for Efficient V2X Path Discovery,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2025.
  2. Z. Khan, N. Khan, A. Koubaa, Adel Ammar, and W. Boulila, “RADAR: A Rapid Discovery Algorithm for Routes in SDN-Based IoV,” Digital Communications and Networks, 2024.
  3. Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, B. Benjdira, and W. Boulila, “A Smart Traffic Management Framework: A Game Theory Approach,” Computers and Electrical Engineering, 2023.
  4. Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, S. Fang, and K. Muhammad, “A Connectivity-Based Clustering Scheme for Intelligent Vehicles,” Applied Sciences, 2021.
  5. Z. Khan, S. Fang, A. Koubaa, P. Fan, F. Abbas, and H. Farman, “Street-Centric Routing Scheme (SCRS) Using ACO-Based Clustering for BUS-VANETs,” Computers and Electrical Engineering, 2020.
  6. Z. Khan, P. Fan, F. Abbas, H. Chen, and S. Fang, “Two-Level Cluster-Based Routing Scheme for 5G V2X Communication,” IEEE Access, 2019.
  7. Z. Khan and P. Fan, “A Multi-Hop Moving Zone (MMZ) Clustering Scheme Based on Cellular-V2X,” China Communications, 2018.
  8. Z. Khan, P. Fan, and S. Fang, “On the Connectivity of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks under Various Mobility Scenarios,” IEEE Access, 2017.
  9. Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, and H. Farman, “Smart Route: Internet of Vehicles (IoV)-Based Congestion Detection and Avoidance (IoV-Based CDA) Using Re-Routing Planning,” Applied Sciences, 2020.
  10. M. Babar, Z. Khan, S. Kaleem, B. Qureshi, and W. Boulila, “TAWB-SFL: Trust-Aware Blockchain-Orchestrated Split Federated Learning for Intrusion Detection in 6G Healthcare IoT,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2026.
  11. G. Mustafa, A. Nawaz, M. A. Abbas, M. Babar, and Z. Khan, “TRANS-DEEP: An Optimized Deep Learning Framework for Electricity Theft Detection in Smart Grids,” PeerJ Computer Science, 2026.
  12. L. Xiao, B. Sheng, Z. Feng, P. Zhang, D. Cai, and Z. Khan, “Non-Orthogonal Coding Against Information Leakage in Image Semantic Communication Systems,” IEEE Communications Letters, 2026.
  13. H. Khan, C. Li, and Z. Khan, “DS-ResNet50-SA: Dual-Stream ResNet50 Architecture with Soft Attention for Improved Alzheimer’s Detection,” Computers and Electrical Engineering, 2026.
  14. A.M. Sohail, Y.H. The, N. Khan, Z. Khan, and A. Koubaa, “A Comprehensive Review: Analysis of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Large Language Model Techniques for Revolutionizing Driver Identification,” Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2025.
  15. B. Nazia, M.U. Tariq, Z. Ullah, M. Babar, and Z. Khan, “Enhancing Code Search through Query Expansion: A Fusion of LSTM with GloVe and BERT Model (ECSQE),” Results in Engineering, 2025.
  16. N. Asif, M. Shehab, M. Rizwan, B. Qureshi, Z. Khan, and M. Babar, “IMPACT-TB: Integrated Medical Imaging and AI for Precise Tuberculosis Detection,” Engineering Reports, 2025.
  17. M. Babar, M.U. Tariq, Z. Ullah, F. Arif, Z. Khan, and B. Qureshi, “An Efficient and Hybrid Deep Learning-Driven Model to Enhance Security and Performance of Healthcare Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, 2025.
  18. J. Shan, D. Cai, F. Fang, Z. Khan, and P. Fan, “Unsupervised Multivariate Time Series Data Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT: A Confidence Adversarial Autoencoder Network,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2024.
  19. N. Khan, Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, M. K. Khan, and R.B. Salah, “Global Insights and the Impact of Generative AI-ChatGPT on Multidisciplinary: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis,” Connection Science, 2024.
  20. J. Ma, B. Shang, Z. Khan, Y. Yu, and P. Fan, “Redesign of BATS Code with Improved Decoding Rate Based on Coupled Batch Size and Degree Distribution,” IEEE Communications Letters, 2024.
  21. W. Boulila, H. Ghandorh, S. Masood, A. Alzahem, A. Koubaa, F. Ahmed, Z. Khan, and J. Ahmad, “A Transformer-Based Approach Empowered by a Self-Attention Technique for Semantic Segmentation in Remote Sensing,” Heliyon, 2024.
  22. N. Khan, R.B. Salah, Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, M. Abdelmoniem, and M. Hamdan, “Novel Preventive Maintenance Routing Framework (PMRF) in SDN,” King Saud University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 2023.
  23. N. Khan, R. Salah, Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, and M. Zaffar, “Systematic Literature Review of Data Plane Failure and Its Recovery Techniques in SDN,” King Saud University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 2023.
  24. A. Koubaa, B. Qureshi, A. Ammar, Z. Khan, W. Boulila, and L. Gouti, “Humans are Still Better than ChatGPT: Case of the IEEEXtreme Competition,” Heliyon, 2023.
  25. S. Ankita, S. Rani, D. Kumar Sah, Z. Khan, and W. Boulila, “HOMLC-Hyperparameter Optimization for Multi-Label Classification of Intrusion Detection Data for Internet of Things Network,” Sensors, 2023.
  26. G. Divya, S. Wadhwa, S. Rani, Z. Khan, and W. Boulila, “EEDC: An Energy Efficient Data Communication Scheme Based on New Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks for Future IoT Applications,” Sensors, 2023.
  27. A. Alzahem, W. Boulila, A. Koubaa, and Z. Khan, “Improving Satellite Image Classification Accuracy Using GAN-Based Data Augmentation and Vision Transformers,” Earth Science Informatics, 2023.
  28. L. Qi, D. Cai, F. Fang, Z. Dong, and Z. Khan, “Secure Precoding Design for High-Mobility Systems with OTFS Modulation,” Physical Communication, 2023.
  29. B. Benjdira, A. Koubaa, T. Azar Ahmad, Z. Khan, and A. Ammar, “TAU: A Framework for Traffic Analysis from UAV,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2022.
  30. Y. Shehzad, H. Javed, H. Farman, Z. Khan, Nasralla, M. Mustafa, and A. Koubaa, “Optimized Distributive Cross-Layer and Thermal-Aware Convergecast Protocol for Wireless Body Area Network,” IEEE Access, 2022.
  31. B. Benjdira, A.M. Ali, A. Koubaa, W. Shafai, and Z. Khan, “Vision Transformers in Image Restoration: A Survey,” Sensors, 2023.
  32. M. Ahmad, Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, and W. Boulila, “A Microscopic Platoon Stability Model Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication,” Electronics, 2022.
  33. F. Haleem, Z. Khan, B. Jan, W. Boulila, and A. Koubaa, “Smart Transportation in Developing Countries: An Internet-of-Things-Based Conceptual Framework for Traffic Control,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022.
  34. F. Haleem, T. Khan, Z. Khan, S. Habib, M. Islam, and A. Ammar, “Real-Time Face Mask Detection to Ensure COVID-19 Precautionary Measures in the Developing Countries,” Applied Sciences, 2022.
  35. K. Iqra, S. Imtiaz, W. Boulila, Z. Khan, A. Abbasi, A. Rehman Javed, and Z. Jalil, “Classification of Non-Functional Requirements from IoT-Oriented Healthcare Requirement Document,” Frontiers in Public Health, 2022.
  36. M. Shazia, A. Shahid, M. T. Afzal, M. Roman, Z. Khan, Z. Nawaz, and M. Haris Aziz, “Assessing English Language Sentences’ Readability Using Machine Learning Models,” PeerJ Computer Science, 2022.
  37. S. Zhan, L. Yu, Y. Du, Q. Cao, S. Dang, A. Koubaa, and Z. Khan, “A More Effective Method of Wild Animal Information Collection Based on Pattern Recognition,” Electronics, 2021.
  38. N. Khan, R.B. Salleh, I. Ali, and Z. Khan, “Enabling Reachability Across Multiple Domains Without Controller Synchronization in SDN,” Computers, Materials & Continua, 2021.
  39. S. Iqbal, A. Shahid, M. Roman, Z. Khan, and L. Yu, “TKFIM: Top-K Frequent Itemset Mining Technique Based on Equivalence Classes,” PeerJ Computer Science, 2021.
  40. S. Zhan, L. Yu, Y. Du, Q. Cao, S. Dang, and Z. Khan, “Cell Traffic Prediction Based on Convolution Neural Network for Software Defined Ultra-Dense Visible Light Communication Networks,” Security and Communication Networks, 2021.
  41. S. Fang, H. Chen, Z. Khan, and P. Fan, “Stochastic Delay Guarantee of Wireless Dual-Hop Networks with Interference-Limited Relay,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2020.
  42. F. Abbas, P. Fan, G. Liu, and Z. Khan, “An Efficient Cluster-Based Resource Management Scheme and Its Performance Analysis for V2X Networks,” IEEE Access, 2020.
  43. S. Fang, H. Chen, Z. Khan, and P. Fan, “On the Content Delivery Efficiency of NOMA-Assisted Vehicular Communication Networks with Delay Constraints,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2020.
  44. Abizar, H. Farman, B. Jan, Z. Khan, and A. Koubaa, “A Smart Energy-Based Source Location Privacy Preservation (SESLPP) Model for IoT-Based VANETs,” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 2020.
  45. M. Ahmad, Q. Chen, and Z. Khan, “Microscopic Congestion Detection Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,” Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2018.
  46. M. Ahmad, Q. Chen, Z. Khan, F. Khurshid, and M. Ahmad, “Infrastructure-Based Vehicular Congestion Detection Scheme for V2I,” International Journal of Communication Systems, 2018.
  47. M. Ahmad, T. Li, Z. Khan, F. Khurshid, and M. Ahmad, “A Novel Connectivity-Based LEACH-MEEC Routing Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks,” Sensors, 2018.

Conference Papers

  1. Z. Khan, S. Almogbil, W. Boulila, and A.B. Mnaouer, “Performance Evaluation of Pathfinding Algorithms for Intelligent Routing in High-Mobility IoT Edge Networks,” 29th Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems (KES2025), Osaka, Japan.
  2. Z. Khan, N. Khan, A. Koubaa, A.B. Mounawer, and W. Boulila, “SDN-Enabled Cluster-Based Evolving Graph Routing Scheme (SE-CEGRS),” 20th IEEE IWCMC Conference, Cyprus, 2024.
  3. Z. Khan, and A. Koubaa, “SmartFlow: An Adaptive Congestion Avoidance Protocol for Smart Transportation Systems,” IEEE IWCMC Conference, 2020.
  4. Z. Khan and P. Fan, “A Novel Triple Cluster-Based Routing Protocol (TCRP) for VANETs,” IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Nanjing, China, 2016.
  5. Z. Khan, P. Fan, F. Abbas, and Hamidullah, “A Conceptual Framework of Virtualization and Live-Migration for Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) Communication,” IEEE 11th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN 2019), Chongqing, China.
  6. B. Sheng, D. Cai, F. Fang, Z. Khan, M. S. Obaidat, and P. Fan, “Feature-Coupling-Based Non-Orthogonal Transceiver Design for Multi-Image Semantic Transmission,” IEEE ICC 2026, UK.
  7. AF. Alobaid, Z. Khan, S. Almogbil, M. Babar, W. Boulila, and A.B. Mnaouer, “From Classical to Quantum: Route Discovery Evolution with Grover’s Search and Legacy Algorithms,” IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall), Chengdu, China.
  8. N. Khan, A.K. Salim, Z. Khan, A. Koubaa, and A. Malik, “SDN-Enabled UAV-ITS: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Prospects,” IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall), Chengdu, China.
  9. M U. Umair, Z. Khan, N. Khan, A. Koubaa, and I. Ullah, “Enhancing Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): Communication Protocols, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions,” IEEE SMARTTECH 2024, Marrakech, Morocco.
  10. U. Safi, W. Boulil, A. Koubaa, Z. Khan, and J. Ahmad, “ABDNN-IDS: Attention-Based Deep Neural Networks for Intrusion Detection in Industrial IoT,” IEEE 98th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Fall).
  11. A. Ashraf, A. Malik, and Z. Khan, “Diagnosis of COVID-19 through Transfer Learning Techniques on CT Scans: A Comparison of Deep Learning Models,” IEEE SMARTTECH 2022.
  12. S. Fang, Z. Khan, and P. Fan, “A Cooperative RSU Caching Policy for Vehicular Content Delivery Networks in Two-Way Road with a T-Junction,” IEEE VTC Conference, 2020.
  13. F. Abbas, P. Fan, and Z. Khan, “A Vehicle Density-Based Two-Stage Resource Management Scheme for 5G-V2X Network,” IEEE VTC Flagship Conference, 2020.
  14. H. Jan, H. Yar, J. Iqbal, H. Farman, Z. Khan, and A. Koubaa, “Raspberry Pi Assisted Safety System for Elderly People: An Application of Smart Home,” IEEE SMARTTECH 2020.
  15. N. Khan, R. B Salleh, Z. Khan, and A. Koubaa, “Avoiding Forwarding Loop Across Multiple Domains Without Controller Synchronization in SDN,” IEEE SMARTTECH 2020.
  16. S. Fang, P. Fan, and Z. Khan, “Stochastic Playback Delay Upper Bounds of Vehicular Video Content Delivery Networks with Cache-Enabled RSUs,” IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring 2018).
  17. F. Abbas, G. Liu, Z. Khan, K. Zheng, and P. Fan, “Clustering-Based Resource Management Scheme for Latency and Sum Rate Optimization in V2X Networks,” IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  18. N. Fida, F. Khan, M. Ahmad Jan, and Z. Khan, “Performance Analysis of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Using Different Highway Traffic Scenarios in Cloud Computing,” International Conference on Future Intelligent Vehicular Technologies, Springer, Cham, 2016.